During the 1630s and 1640s, the Jesuits pursued their mission in Huronia, in the Great Lakes region. The Huron were the favoured trading partners of the French, and their principal fur suppliers. The two groups also had a military alliance against the Iroquois, the hereditary enemies of the Huron. In an effort to take over this flourishing trade association, the Iroquois wiped out Huron villages and Jesuit missions during the 1640s. A number of Jesuit missionaries were tortured and killed during these bloody conflicts, and later declared martyrs and canonized by the Church in the 20th century.

The Martyrs
Recit veritable du Martyre et de la Bien heureuse mort, du Pere Jean de Breboeuf et du Pere Gabriel L'alemant En la Nouvelle france, dans le paÿs des hurons par les Iroquois, Ennemis de la Foy [True account of the Martyrdom and Blessed death of Father Jean de Breboeuf and of Father Gabriel L'alemant in New France, the land of the Huron, by the Iroquois, Enemies of the Faith], 1678
CA ANC MG18-E10