The Governor General of New France was appointed by the King by means of temporary letters of provision (rescindable at any time) and was under detailed instruction from the monarch. He resided in the Château Saint-Louis, in Québec. Solely responsible for military matters (army, militia, forts) in New France, he was invariably a member of the old nobility. As the King's personal representative, he could establish treaties and alliances with England's North American colonies and the various Aboriginal nations. Although in the legal realm he had far fewer responsibilities than the Intendant, he could impose a sovereign decision in times of crisis. In the financial domain, his authority was limited to establishing military expenditures and participating in the drawing up of the annual budget. He and the Intendant shared responsibility for the police, aid and religion. The governments of Trois-Rivières and Montréal had particular governors. Each of the three governors was assisted by a king's lieutenant and Staff.

The Governor General
Instruction que le Roy veut estre mise es mains du Sr [Joseph-Antoine Le Febvre] de la Barre, choisy par Sa Majesté pour gouverneur et son lieutenant en la Nouvelle-France [Instruction that the King wishes to be placed in the hands of Sieur [Joseph Antoine Le Febvre] de la Barre, chosen by His Majesty to be Governor and his Lieutenant in New France], May 10, 1682
FR CAOM COL B 8 fol. 99-110